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Authors
Chan, Louis Yat Hin
Morris, Sinead E.
Stockwell, Melissa S.
Bowman, Natalie M.
Asturias, Edwin
Rao, Suchitra
Lutrick, Karen
Ellingson, Katherine D.
Nguyen, Huong Q.
Maldonado, Yvonne
McLaren, Son H.
Sano, Ellen
Biddle, Jessica E.
Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E.
Biggerstaff, Matthew
Rolfes, Melissa A.
Talbot, H. Keipp
Grijalva, Carlos G.
Borchering, Rebecca K.
Mellis, Alexandra M.
,
Talbot, H. Keipp
Saiman, Lisa
Francisco, Raul A. Silverio
Perez, Anny L.Diaz
de Romero, Ana M. Valdez
Bullock, Ayla
Yang, Amy
Haehnel, Quenla
Lin, Jessica
Reynolds, Julienne
Murray, Katherine Katie
Zivanovich, Miriana Moreno
McShea, Anna
Figueroa, Brittney
Liu, Melody
Grice, Kathleen
Bendalin, Cameron
Chavez, Sonia
Granger, Jolie
Ramadan, Ferris Alaa
Miiro, Flavia Maria Nakayima
Ortiz, Josue
Mongoh, Mokenge Ndiva
Belongia, Edward A.
Berger, Hannah
Moon, Vicki
Burbey, Gina
Deering, Leila
Freund, Brianna
Heuer, Garrett
Kopitzke, Sarah
Marcis, Carrie
Meece, Jennifer
Moran, Jennifer
Hertel, DeeAnn
Petrie, Joshua
Rotar, Miriah
Rottscheit, Carla
Stefanski, Elisha
Strey, Sandy
Strupp, Melissa
Thiessen, Rosita
Lopez, Marcela
Aguilar, Alondra A.
Stainton, Emma
Tam, Grace K-Y.
Altamirano, Jonathan
Chun, Leanne X.
Behl, Rasika
Ferguson, Samantha A.
Carrington, Yuan J.
Zhou, Frank S.
Lindsell, Chris
King, Judy
Meghreblian, John
Massion, Samuel
Creasman, Brittany
Milner, Lauren
Hintz, Andrea Stafford
Celedonio, Jorge
Dalforno, Ryan
Padilla-Azain, Maria Catalina
Chandler, Daniel
Yates, Paige
Schibley-Laird, Brianna
Perry, Alexis
Swaimn, Ruby
Speirs, Mason
Anderson, Erica
Sarilla, Suryakala
Dodds, Amelia
Marchlewski, Dayton
Williams, Timothy
Swan, Afan
Abrams, Onika
Resser, Jackson
Sohn, Ine
Lwin, Cara
Tan, Hsi-nien Jubilee
Yeargin, Stephen
Grindstaff, James
Prigmore, Heather
Lai, Jessica
Liu, Zhouwen
Chappell, James D.
Blair, Marcia
McHenry, Rendie E.
Peterson, Bryan P. M.
Ezzell, Lauren J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (5UL1TR002243-03)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (75D30121C11656)
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
:
: M. S. S. reports a subcontract from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (funding originated from CDC) paid to Trustees of Columbia University, a leadership role as Associate Director of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS), paid to Trustees of Columbia University. All other authors report no potential conflicts. N. M.B. reports grant/contracts from NIH to the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, and North Carolina Collaboratory; participation on a DSMB or advisory board for the Snowball Study Technical Interchange; a leadership or fiduciary role on the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Scientific Committee; and other financial or nonfinancial interests with the COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy (RADx-UP CDCC) Steering Committee and North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Education Research Center. E. A. reports serving as a former consultant for Hillevax and Moderna, presenting a Merck-supported lecture at the Latin American Vaccine Summit, and receipt of grant/research support from Pfizer for pneumococcal pneumonia studies. S. R. reports grant support from BioFire. H. Q. N. reports grant/research support from CSL Seqirus, GSK, and ModernaTX, and honorarium for participating in a consultancy group for ModernaTX outside the submitted work. S. H. M. reports support to institution (Trustees of Columbia University) from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (project 75D30121C11656), grants/contracts from NIH, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. E. S. reports grants or contracts to institution from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (originating at CDC #75D30121C11656). H. K. T. has received research funding from the CDC. C. G. G. reports participation on an advisory board for Merck, and receipt of grant/research support from AHRQ, CDC, US Food and Drug Administration, NIH, and Syneos Health. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the IRB at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (see 45 C.F.R. part 46.114; 21 C.F.R. part 56.114). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardians. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
