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Article History

Received: 10 December 2025

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on "Ethical responsibilities of Authors", as found in the Instructions for Authors.

: The authors of this paper, Giuseppe Bonanno and Vincenzo Veneziano, undertook the formal identification of all the plant material collected in this study. The permission to collect specimens of Muscari gussonei , Petagnaea gussonei and Poterium spinosum was granted by the Regional Government of Sicily. Plant collection and use were in accordance with the relevant institutional, national and international guidelines and legislation . Specifically, in compliance with the collection permission, all specimens were < 10% of the sampled populations. The authors declare that they complied with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction, and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Voucher specimens were deposited in the public herbarium of the Botanical Garden of Catania University (Italy). Specimens were collected, identified and deposited by the authors of this article.