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Article History

Received: 18 January 2026

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 4 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved professional evaluations provided by domain experts in ergonomics, industrial engineering, and occupational safety within a decision-support framework. No experimental procedures, surveys, interviews, questionnaires, human tissue samples, or animal subjects were involved, and no personal, identifiable, or sensitive data were collected at any stage of the research. Three decision-makers contributed anonymized, aggregated professional judgments on ergonomic risk assessment methods. Prior to their participation, all experts were informed about the objectives and methodological scope of the study, assured that their contributions would be used anonymously for academic purposes only, and notified that their participation was voluntary. All participating experts provided informed consent to contribute their professional expertise to this study. The ergonomic assessments were conducted with the permission of the management of the company specializing in wagon spare parts. All operational data were anonymized to protect commercial confidentiality, and no identifying or sensitive company information is disclosed in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.