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Authors
Yang, Zhao
Qi, Huanjun
Lei, Jinyin
He, Jinqin
Lei, Xiaoting
Jin, Jianxin
Zhou, Lina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region-Research and Demonstration (2022BBF02038)
Agricultural Fundamental Long-term Scientific and Technological Observation and Monitoring Project of Yinchuan Agricultural and Environmental Observation Station (NAES091AE18)
Carbon Sequestration Effect of Diversified Dryland Cropping Systems and Its Regulatory Mechanism on Water Use Efficiency (2024AAC02057)
National Key Research and Development Program – Creation and Demonstration of Crop Diversification and High-Efficiency Cultivation Models in Ningxia Irrigation Area (2022YFD1900202-5)
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Article History
Received: 12 April 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Statement on material sources: The soybean culture used in this study (variety: Zhonghuang 30) was sourced from the Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Beijing, China), a research institution directly affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The germplasm resources provided have been certified by the National Crop Germplasm Bank. Maize culture (variety: Xianyu 1225) was purchased from Ningxia Ketai Seed Industry Co., Ltd. (Yinchuan, China), which holds a Crop Seed Production and Management License. All seeds comply with the quality benchmarks outlined in GB 4404.1–2008 ( Seeds of Food Crops—Part 1: Cereals ), the Chinese National Standard (GB = Guóbiāo, Chinese for “National Standard”).
