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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involves human participants. The UTME scores of secondary school leavers, used for the admission analysis, were obtained from the Academic Unit of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria. The waiver of the ethics approval was granted by the institutional review board of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after being fully informed about the study prior to their participation. The research was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines that prioritized participant consent, confidentiality, and data integrity.

: In the writing process during the preparation of this work, the authors did not use any AI tools in scientific writing or in the research process.