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Authors
Yousefi Javan, Iman
Naseri, Mahboobeh
Asiaban, Amirhossein
Ramandi, Alireza
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Torbat Heydarieh (1403/02/12-223)
University of Torbat Heydarieh (1403/02/12-223)
University of Torbat Heydarieh (1403/02/12-223)
University of Torbat Heydarieh (1403/02/12-223)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No human or animal experiments were conducted in this study.
: All experimental protocols involving the collection of the wild plant species Acacia tortilis were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. Formal permission for plant sample collection was obtained from the Plant Sciences Research Institute (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran). This study complies with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The species Acacia tortilis used in this research is not listed as endangered or threatened on the IUCN Red List or CITES appendices ( ).
: The formal identification of the plant material (Acacia tortilis) was conducted by Dr. Shokohi from the Department of Botany at the Plant Sciences Research Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A voucher specimen of the collected plant material has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Plant Sciences Research Institute, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, under the voucher specimen number UTH-AT-2401. Maize seeds were purchased from Pakan Bazer Company (Iran).
