Dutta, Ashit Kumar
Anjum, Mohd
Min, Hong
Daradkeh, Yousef Ibrahim
Seo, Jung Taek
Shahab, Sana
Funding for this research was provided by:
AlMaarefa University (MHIRSP2025017)
Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (RS-2023-00303559)
Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion (RS 2024-00400955)
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU/2026/R/1447)
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2026R259)
Article History
Received: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.