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Authors
Xu, Zhonghan
Liu, Yuchun
Ma, Zhaoquan
Wen, Shiqi
Chen, Haoming
Huang, Jun
Li, Lingli
Lin, Kaisheng
He, Junbing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012890)
Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (A2023230)
Youth Top-notch Talent of Guangdong TeZhi Plan (2024TQ08A155)
Key Project of Medical Research Fund of Jieyang People’s Hospital (ZX202301)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302446)
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
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: In this study, publicly available, anonymized video content was retrieved from Douyin, Kuaishou, and Bilibili. No personal data were collected, and no interaction with platform users occurred. In compliance with institutional and international ethical guidelines, this research did not involve human subjects. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Jieyang People’s Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Medical University. The authors confirm that all analyses complied with Douyin, Kuaishou, and Bilibili’s platform policies, particularly regarding the use of publicly accessible data for academic research. The ethics committee determined that this study did not constitute human subjects research and that written informed consent was not required due to the use of anonymized, public data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that this manuscript was not created using any Generative AI tools. Any alternative text (alt text) provided alongside figures in this article was generated by Hiplot with the assistance of artificial intelligence. Reasonable efforts have been exerted to ensure its accuracy, including review by the authors whenever feasible. Should you identify any issues, please contact us.
