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Authors
Lomas, Tim
Padgett, R. Noah
Ritchie-Dunham, James L.
Pawelski, James O.
Nilsson, August Håkan
Johnson, Byron R.
VanderWeele, Tyler J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
John Templeton Foundation (61665)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton Religion Trust (1308)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Templeton World Charity Foundation (0605)
Well-Being for Planet Earth
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Fetzer Institute (4354)
Well Being Trust
Paul L. Foster Family Foundation
David & Carol Myers Foundation
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 15 May 2026
Declarations
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: Tyler J. VanderWeele reports partial ownership and licensing fees from Gloo, Inc. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare.
: Ethical approval was granted by the institutional review boards at Baylor University (IRB Reference #: 1841317) and Gallup (IRB Reference #: 2021-11-02). Gallup is a multi-national corporation, and its IRB covers all countries included in the GFS. All participants provided informed consent. The research conformed to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
