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Authors
Xu, Yali
Wang, Xiya
Li, Andong
Guo, Shubin
Mei, Xue
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University. The dataset used in this research was obtained from the MIMIC-IV 3.1 database. We have completed the CITI Program courses on "Human Research and Data" and "Specimen-Only Research" to apply for access to the database (Record ID: 66067288). The individual patient information in this database was anonymized, and therefore, ethical review and informed consent requirements were waived. All methods employed in our study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
