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Authors
Liu, Mianyu
Fu, Qiang
Wang, Ping
Qiang, Guangfeng
Luo, Kun
Chen, Baolong
Luan, Sheng
Kong, Jie
Xu, Pao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China (No. 2024LZGC038)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2400202)
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The experiments conducted in this study involved P. vannamei , which is classified as a lower invertebrate. According to the relevant national and institutional regulations, experiments involving lower invertebrates, such as P. vannamei , do not require ethical approval, as they are not classified under vertebrates or higher invertebrates that typically necessitate such oversight.
