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Authors
Malak, Nosheen
Khan, Adil
Qarni, Awais
Niaz, Sadaf
Cossío-Bayúgar, Raquel
Giantsis, Ioannis A.
Bourhia, Mohammed
AL Mughram, Mohammed H.
Mengistie, Atrsaw Asrat
Alyami, Esmael M.
Salamatullah, Ahmad Mohammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Khalid University (RGP2/376/45)
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Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures involving rabbits were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical standards and institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Ethical approval for the study was granted under approval number 14-F-AWKUM-USM-ZOO-2 by the Ethical Committee of Chemical and Life Section, Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan. All experiments were performed in compliance with relevant national and institutional regulations governing animal research. The study design, experimental procedures, and reporting adhere to the principles outlined in the ARRIVE guidelines ( ) to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and animal welfare. The rabbits used in this study were obtained from a registered animal facility maintained by the Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
: The responsible authority in Pakistan approved the collection of Punica granatum leaves for research purposes. Notably, the landowner agreed and allowed the collection of Punica granatum leaves.
: The collection of plant material complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.
