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Authors
Ramzan, Memoona
Idrees, Hafiza
Khan, Hina
Faridi, Rabia
Munir, Zunaira
Muzaffar, Fariha
Shabbir, Kanwal
Imtiaz, Ayesha
Noman, Muhammad
Ahmed, Alina
Bashir, Rasheeda
Khan, Niaz Muhammad
Maqsood, Azra
Mujtaba, Ghulam
Salman, Midhat
Bukhari, Ihtisham
Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas
Tariq, Huma
Waqas, Muhammad
Iqbal, Muhammad N.
Wohler, Elizabeth
Witmer, P. Dane
Sobreira, Nara
Morell, Robert J.
Seo, Go Hun
Inagaki, Sayaka
Friedman, Thomas B.
Naz, Sadaf
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIDCD (DC000086)
Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIDCD (DC000039)
Higher Education Commission, Pakistan 3288
University of the Punjab grant 2024
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 28 March 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Competing interests
: G.H.S is an employee of 3billion Inc., Seoul. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This research was completed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB #00005281 to S.N.) at the School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, and the Combined National Institutes of Health IRB (protocol OH93DC0016 to T.B.F.). Written informed consents were obtained from the participants or from the legal guardians of the minor children.
