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Article History

Received: 19 November 2025

Accepted: 10 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved the design and evaluation of cryptographic protocols using simulated IoT data and publicly available datasets. No human subjects participated directly in data collection. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., and complies with relevant data protection regulations. The Intel Lab sensor dataset used in experiments is publicly available and does not contain personally identifiable information.

: All authors have reviewed the manuscript and consent to its publication. No identifiable information regarding individuals or organizations has been included without appropriate authorization.