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Article History

Received: 8 March 2025

Accepted: 13 April 2026

First Online: 21 May 2026

Declarations

:

: All data used in this study were obtained from publicly available datasets (GSE20181 and GSE41994) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These datasets were originally approved by the respective ethics committees of the primary studies. Since this research involves secondary analysis of de-identified, publicly available data, no additional ethical approval or participant consent was required.

: Consent for publication is not applicable, as this manuscript does not include any individual person’s data in any form (e.g., identifiable images or personal details).

: The authors declare no competing interests.