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Article History

Received: 19 November 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not Applicable. This study involved technical development and validation of point cloud fusion algorithms using industrial equipment, architectural structures, and infrastructure facilities. No human subjects, biological specimens, or sensitive personal data were involved in this research.

: All authors have reviewed the manuscript and consent to its publication. All co-authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission to this journal.