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Authors
Xie, Mingjie
Huang, Liuyun
Qin, Yuanyuan
Feng, Biheng
Cai, Qingjiang
Li, Ling
Huang, Debin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant (No.2025GXNSFAA069940)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
the Innovation Project of the Climbing Plan for Nursing Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.YYZS2023018)
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Article History
Received: 11 January 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating hospitals, including The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (approval number: 2025-K0138). As this was an observational study, the decision to obtain or waive written informed consent was left to the discretion of the institutional review boards of the participating hospitals.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
: All authors declare that no generative AI tools were used in any stage of this manuscript’s creation, including study conception, experiment design, data work, drafting, or revision. All work is the original product of the listed authors.
