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Article History

Received: 25 July 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: BB is a medical consultant for/part of the advisory board of: Abbott, Bioline Supply, Biotronik, Cablon NL, CRM Microport, Crosstec GmbH, Drugsales Limited, DSE Türkiye, Implicity, Kappamed, Kimal PLC, M3 Medical/Ecclipse Medical, Medival SRL, Medtronic, Philips/Spectranetics, Sintec SRL, Tauro-Implant GmbH, Tauropharm GmbH, Transcutan, Transaxis. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declareFunding: Open access publishing for this article was supported through a transformative agreement between the DEAL Consortium and Springer Nature.

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical principles set forth in the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. This Delphi consensus study was conducted exclusively among faculty members attending the 360 CIED Infection Congress on May 9th, 2025, in Florence, Italy.The survey was conducted fully anonymously; no personal identifiers, digital signatures, or traceable metadata were collected or stored. In accordance with EU GDPR Recital 26 and the guidance of the “Garante per la Protezione dei Dati Personali”, anonymous data that do not allow for the identification of individuals are not subject to data protection obligations. As such, the survey data qualify as anonymous, and a waiver of formal data protection review is granted. Although all participating faculty members are co-authors of this manuscript, the survey data were collected and analyzed in such a way that individual responses cannot be linked to any participant, thereby maintaining full anonymity throughout the consensus process. All experimental protocols were reviewed for compliance with institutional standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participating faculty members prior to the start of the survey, during the congress itself.