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Article History

Received: 4 July 2025

Accepted: 16 April 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Zunyi Medical University and national research committee (NO. [2022] 2-015). Before initiating the study, participants were provided with informed consent detailing the research purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, as well as information regarding their voluntary participation and the confidentiality of their responses. All participants engaged voluntarily and retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

: Participants were provided with informed consent before answering the questionnaire. The questionnaire did not include sensitive or private questions, and respondents’ identities remained anonymous.