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Authors
Ntumi, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-4454
Anovunga, Alfred Alunga
Sakyi, Lawrence Larbi
Agbenyo, Sheilla
Abiaw, Perpetual
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in full adherence to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable international research standards. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Education, Winneba. Additional permissions were obtained from relevant participating institutions. Prior to data collection, all participants received clear information regarding the study’s aims, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their rights as research participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and they were assured of their right to withdraw at any stage without penalty. Participant anonymity and confidentiality were rigorously upheld, and all data were securely stored on password-protected devices.
