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Authors
Reddy, Parvathala Siva Kumar
Chebaane, Saleh
Vasimalla, Yesudasu
Khalifa, Sana Ben
Alsaif, Norah A. M.
Puppala, Ravi Sankar
Karki, Bhishma
Kumar, Santosh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (PNURSP2026R60)
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests. They have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Not applicable. The work presented in this manuscript is mathematical modeling only for the proposed biosensor. No experiment was performed on the human body and living organisms/animals. So, ethical approval from an ethical committee is not required.
