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Authors
Zheng, Yihan
Zhang, Haiping
Wu, Xizhu
You, Wenqiang
Lin, Chuantao
Zhang, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province (2023Y9390)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Approval No. 2021KLRD09022). The analysis used de-identified routinely collected clinical data and routine postpartum satisfaction assessments under institutional data-governance procedures. Patients were informed about the possible secondary research use of de-identified clinical data in accordance with hospital policy. Access to the analytical dataset was restricted to authorized investigators, and any data sharing upon reasonable request remains subject to ethics and privacy requirements. The requirement for individual written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
