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Authors
Chen, Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-3327
Chen, Mingyu
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The CHARLS study protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (Approval No. IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
