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Authors
Pihelgas, Susan
Ehala-Aleksejev, Kristel
Teder, Hindrek
Kazantseva, Jekaterina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AS TFTAK
Estonian State Shared Service Centre and co-funded by the European Union (2021-2027.1.01.23-0352)
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants who underwent microbiome testing provided written consent for the anonymous use of their data in research. All participants in the health studies signed a written consent form before the study began. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (The Estonian Institute for Health Development’s Human Research Ethics Committee, reference number 1553 issued 12/22/2025).
: All participants signed written informed consent forms before the study began.
