Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 February 2025

Accepted: 21 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declared that there was no conflict of interest in this work. Furthermore, we confirm that no financial or non-financial conflicts exist related to this study.

: The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Gondar (Reference No: /IPH/2877/2024). The proposal was submitted to the University of Gondar’s Institutional Review Board for ethical review and the study was conducted following the approval in partial fulfillment of the Master of Public Health in General Epidemiology. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants. A waiver of written informed consent was granted by the International Review Board of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. This waiver was obtained because the study utilized de-identified secondary data that is publicly available, ensuring the confidentiality of participant information.

: Not applicable, as no individual person’s data is presented that would require consent for publication, ensuring ethical compliance.