Qian, YueJing
Zhang, ZengYou
Wang, Bo
Wu, WeiJun
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wenzhou major scientific and technological innovation project plan "reveal the list" (ZG2023022)
Wenzhou science and technology project (G2022S0097)
Article History
Received: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 26 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is a purely computational research project involving the development and evaluation of object detection algorithms. No human participants were recruited or involved in this research. All images used for experiments and qualitative analysis are sourced from publicly available benchmark datasets (PASCAL VOC and MS COCO), which are openly accessible for academic research purposes. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent are not applicable to this study.