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Article History

Received: 4 January 2026

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Dr. Watanabe reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and Nippon Kayaku, and speaking fees from Lilly, Chugai Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Takeda Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Novartis Pharma, Bristol-Myers, Daiichi Sankyo, Nippon Kayaku, Merck, and Celltrion outside of the submitted work. Dr. Yanagimura reports speaking fees from MSD outside the submitted work. Dr. Nozaki reports speaking fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, MSD, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Chugai Pharma outside the submitted work. Dr. Tanaka reports speaking fees from Chugai Pharma and Takeda Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Dr. Saida reports Chugai Pharma, Lilly, Astra Zeneca and Ono Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Dr. Kikuchi reports grants from Nobel Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Shionogi, Asahi Kasei, Nippon Kayaku, Boehringer Ingelheim, KYORIN Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, and TEIJIN PHARMA outside the submitted work. He also reports consulting fees from AN2 Therapeutics, and speaking fees from Viatris, Insmed, Terumo, AstraZeneca, KYORIN Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers, Eisai, Chugai Pharma, Sumitomo Pharma, MSD, Shionogi, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Astellas Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Daiichi Sankyo. Novartis, Merck, NIPRO, Ono Pharmaceutical, GSK, Kyowa Kirin, Sanofi, and Meiji Seika Pharma outside the submitted work. Additionally, he reported participating on the advisory board outside of the submitted work. Dr. Ishikawa reports speaking fees from Eisai and Chugai Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Dr. Sakai reports speaking fees from Qiagen, Nippon Kayaku and Takeda Pharmaceutica outside the submitted work. Dr. Nishio reports speaking fees from Chugai, MSD, Ono and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. No disclosures were reported by the other authors.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (revised in 2013) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Niigata University (registration number: 2019-0233). All patients who participated in this study provided written informed consent.