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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Appendices and for Thailand and Saudi Arabia. No ethical application was needed in Poland. All documents are submitted as appendices.

: Due to the observational nature of the study and the focus on anonymized triage categorization rather than direct patient intervention, individual patient consent was waived, or a deferred consent process was implemented in accordance with local ethical guidelines, ensuring that patient care remains the primary focus and no personal identifying information was collected. This decision was made by all participating institutions mentioned in the Ethical Approval section under the Methods section of the study (Poland, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand) as part of the ethical approval process.