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Authors
Kim, Sojin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5023-3189
Shin, Sujeong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-0935
Chang, Yoosoo
Sung, Eunju
Kang, Jae-Heon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Information & communication Technology Planning & Evaluation (RS-2025-25443209)
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, which waived the requirement for informed consent because the analyses were based solely on pre-existing data without any direct participant contact (IRB No. KBSMC 2025-09-011).
