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Authors
Alemayehu, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5133-8952
Ayenew, Wondim
Bekalu, Abaynesh Fentahun
Geremew, Gebremariam Wulie
Wassie, Yilkal Abebaw
Abebe, Tesfaye Birhanu
Getachew, Demis
Ayele, Habtamu Semagne
Beyna, Alemante Tafese
Mengesha, Assefa Kebad
Tegegne, Addisu Afrassa
Gebremeskel, Eskedar Dires
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The School of Pharmacy Research Review Committee on behalf of the University of Gondar Research and Ethics Review Board (SOPS/165/2023) granted ethical approval for the study, and all procedures were conducted following institutional and international guidelines for research with human participants. This study did not involve experiments on humans or the use of human tissue samples.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. To maintain confidentiality, no patient names or personal identifiers were collected; instead, unique codes were used to identify participants. All patient information was strictly used for research purposes only.
