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Authors
Nicastro, Tammy M.
Odhiambo, Gladys
Jawuoro, Stanley
Weke, Elly
Bukusi, Elizabeth A.
Yang, Yihui A.
Harris-Fry, Helen A.
Kadiyala, Suneetha
Weiser, Sheri D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Mount Zion Health Fund
National Institute of Mental Health
Wellcome Trust
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMR1/SERU/CMR/3027), and the University of California, San Francisco (IRB # 14-15592). The clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02815579). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the KEMRI and UCSF research committees and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Transcripts were pseudo anonymized by removing participant names and replacing them with a unique participant number that could only be traced back to the participant through a document stored in a double password-protected file. Participant responses were redacted if they named places or people that would identify them.
: Participants provided written informed consent.
