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Authors
Lv, Penghui
Zhang, Chenglong
Wei, Shuaiwei
Bai, Jincheng
Li, Lu
Chang, Jianjun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (202403021221251)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board. All participants, or their parents/guardians for minors, provided written informed consent prior to data collection.
: All participants provided informed consent before enrollment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
