Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 January 2026

Accepted: 11 May 2026

First Online: 29 May 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: All methods in the present study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The data used in this study were obtained from a previously released body-worn camera dataset and three publicly available datasets. In the present study, no new image or video data were collected, and there was no direct interaction with human participants. The original on-site data collection for the body-worn camera dataset was conducted with permission from the participating construction companies, and informed consent was obtained from the participating workers, as reported in the original source publications. Informed consent was obtained from all identifiable participants, or their legal guardians where applicable, for the publication of the relevant images and related information in an online open-access publication, as documented in the original source publications and/or dataset repositories. No participant names, patient names, or direct personal identifiers are included in the manuscript, figures, tables, or supplementary materials. Publicly available secondary datasets were used in accordance with the original sources’ stated conditions and applicable licenses/terms of use.