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Authors
Mersal, Fathia Ahmed
Ibrahim, Ateya Megahed
Hassabelnaby, Fathia Gamal Elsaid
Mohamed, Heba Ahmed Osman
Ali, Rasmia Abd El Sattar
Ahmed, Safaa Ibrahim
Jacob, Anu Sam
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Local Committee of Bioethics at Northern Border University (HAP-09-A-043), decision no. 62/24/H, dated 23/05/2024. Administrative approval was obtained from the directors of the participating primary healthcare centers. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all 377 participants after a clear explanation of the study’s purpose, methodology, voluntary nature, and confidentiality safeguards. Data were stored securely, analyzed in aggregate, and de-identified to protect participant privacy.
: Not applicable.
