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Authors
Liu, Miao
Cai, Chunju
Liu, Guanglu
Shi, Xiaopeng
Li, Shuguang
Fan, Shaohui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD2200501)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Leaf sampling was conducted on public lands with permission from the respective local forestry authorities. No specific permits were required for the collection of N. affinis leaves, as this species is not protected under Chinese regulations. All sampling activities complied with local, provincial and national guidelines.
