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Authors
Alrahhal, Maher
Alqahtani, Fatimah
Latip, Rohaya
AlShabi, Mohammad
Abd-Elhafiez, Walaa M.
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
<b>Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process</b>.: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to assist with language editing, clarity improvement, and structural refinement of the text. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed, edited, and validated all content to ensure accuracy, originality, and consistency with the research objectives, and they take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
