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Article History

Received: 21 December 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 5 June 2026

Declaration

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional research committee. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB). Where applicable, a formal waiver of ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee, or the study was conducted in accordance with national legislation that does not require ethical approval.

: The sensory evaluation involved human participants but posed no foreseeable risk, as the samples evaluated were food-grade ice cream prepared under hygienic and controlled laboratory conditions. Participation in the sensory evaluation was entirely voluntary, and all panelists provided informed verbal consent prior to their participation. Panelists were free to withdraw from the sensory evaluation at any stage without penalty. The study did not involve any personal data collection, clinical intervention, or invasive procedures and was conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines for sensory evaluation of food products.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and/or from their legal guardian(s), as appropriate.