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Authors
Huang, Fei
Mei, Dapeng
Yang, Canwen
Su, Chuanhai
Ma, Runping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3806800)
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: According to our institutional regulations and national guidelines for ethical review, this type of research—which involves only the collection of expert opinions for blind evaluation of standard BIM models and does not involve patient data, medical interventions, or sensitive personal information— is exempt from formal Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Nonetheless, we have ensured that all procedures complied with relevant ethical standards, and informed consent was obtained from all three participating expert evaluators. This study involved the collection of expert opinions for the blind evaluation of generated BIM models. According to the regulations of the authors’ institution and national guidelines for ethical review, this type of research, which does not involve patient data, medical interventions, or sensitive personal information, is exempt from the requirement for formal approval by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Nonetheless, all procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all three participating expert evaluators prior to their involvement.
