Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study analyzed only publicly available videos retrieved through the open search functions of the platforms. No private or restricted content was accessed. Because the study involved the analysis of publicly accessible material without interaction with human participants or collection of personal data, formal ethical approval was not required. To minimize privacy risks, usernames and other personal identifiers were not recorded or reported, and no identifiable images were reproduced in the manuscript. The study procedures were conducted with consideration of the platforms’ publicly available terms of service.