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Authors
Zhu, Yunya
Zhang, Wenyuan
Zhong, Yuting
Liang, Luwen
Li, Ying
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective analysis conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University was approved by the Ethical Committee (No. LLSC-2025-503). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, the use of the MIMIC-IV database was approved by both the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The datasets utilized in this research can be accessed through the MIMIC database.
