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Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and associated factors of urinary tract infection among people living with HIV at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54434-y

Published Online: 2026-06-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shimelis, Lijalem

Adugna, Adane

Mengist, Abeba
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-16

Version of Record valid from 2026-09-03
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Article History

Received: 16 February 2026

Accepted: 19 May 2026

First Online: 16 June 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval and consent to participate: This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of Debre Markos University (N o : Hsc/R/C/Ser/PG/478/01/17), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, along with a support letter from the Amhara Public Health Institution and the Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained from all adult PLWHIV. For minors, assent was obtained along with written consent from their parents or legal guardians. For illiterate participants, data collectors read the informed consent for each respondent and confirmed their willingness by signing the informed consent sheet. Moreover, the confidentiality of the patient’s information was safeguarded.

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