Zhou, Jieshang
Qiao, Yuting
Chen, Hongju
Li, Lianwei
Su, Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Provincial Science and Technology Plan (Basic Research Plan-Natural Science Foundation) Project of Gansu Province in 2024 (No: 24JRRJ001)
Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 23 May 2026
First Online: 7 June 2026
Declaration
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics: This study is a secondary analysis of fully de-identified metagenomic sequencing data from a previously published cohort 5 . No new samples were collected and no additional clinical information was obtained by the authors. According to the policies of the Ethics Committee of the People’s Hospital of Dingxi City and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School, the need to obtain ethical approval for this secondary analysis of anonymised public data was waived. The need to obtain informed consent from the original participants was likewise waived by the Ethics Committee of the People’s Hospital of Dingxi City and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School.