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Authors
Wang, Jing
Liu, Xu
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (Approval Number: IRB00001052-11015 for the main household survey including anthropometric measurements, and IRB00001052-11014 for biomarker collection). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
