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Authors
Fu, Zhongna
Liu, Qian
Shuang, Mengjie
Li, Jiao
Wang, Qing
Liu, Hui
Xiong, Lijuan
Cao, Xiongjing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Disinfection Science Project of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association (grant numbers XD2022-Y-07)
Jingshan Union Hospital, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Technology Research Project of Hubei Province (Grant Number: WJ2025M159)
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study relies on the analysis of de-identified data, with no direct interaction involving human participants and no collection of new identifiable personal information. Consequently, this study is exempt from the requirement for approval by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Review Committee (IRB/REC) and does not necessitate obtaining informed consent from participants.
: Consent for publication is not required as no identifiable personal information was involved in the study.
