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Authors
Liu, Yan
Zhou, Chao
Ai, Ji
Li, Zhenhao
Zhu, Han
Wang, Shiyu
Gao, Jian
Luo, Huijiu
Ding, Yu
Zhao, Zeju
Liang, Guobiao
Chen, Shulian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zunyi Science and Technology Planning Joint Project (Zunshi Kehe HZ (2023) No. 291)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective two-center study was reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Approval No. KLL-2023-643 (initial review; expedited procedure; approval date 29 December 2023). Given the use of de-identified clinical data and the minimal-risk design, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. The related collaborating center granted institutional permission for data use and complied with local oversight. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant local regulations.
