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Cannabis use increases surgical, medical, and psychosocial complications after lower extremity fracture fixation and shows compounded risk with concurrent nicotine use

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-55842-w

Published Online: 2026-06-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hamad, Christopher D.

Nwufo, Michelle

Wiener, Joshua

Liu, Timothy

Olson, Thomas E.

Walker, Paul

Shahamatdar, Soroush

Galoustian, Nora A.

Yusin, Nick

Golzar, Autreen

Kaelber, David C.

Bernthal, Nicholas M.

Lee, Christopher

Sheppard, William L.
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-08-13
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Article History

Received: 8 March 2026

Accepted: 27 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this manuscript.

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