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Authors
Lim, Ho-Kyung
Jung, Seok-Ki
Cho, Yongwon
Song, In-Seok
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Soonchunhyang University Research Fund
the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (RS-2023-KH134676)
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (RS-2026-25477630)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the institutional ethics committee of each hospital (approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Anam Hospital [2020AN0410, 11/01/2021] and Korea University Guro Hospital [2021GR0148, 07/04/2021]).
: This study was a retrospective study using patients’ CBCTs, and informed consent waiver was approved by the IRB. Waiver of consent was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Anam Hospital and Korea University Guro Hospital.
