Wang, Xun
Sun, Xiufen
Chen, Yueqin
Zhang, Guqing
Ye, Shucheng
Zhang, Aiping
Yang, Huipeng
Sun, Zhanguo
Ge, Shuang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bethune • Excellence in Medicine — Research Program for Advanced Solid Tumors (STLKY0022)
Shandong Province Medical Health Science and Technology Development Plan Project (202409030221)
Jining City of Science and Technology Bureau Key research and development project (2025YXNS018)
Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee (2023-12-C013) of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Cancer Hospital, and Jining First People’s Hospital. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.