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Article History

Received: 12 February 2026

Accepted: 30 May 2026

First Online: 27 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This is a retrospective study using data already collected from the Traumabase Registery (The TraumaBase registry is approved by the Advisory Committee for Information Processing in Health Research (11.305bis) and the National Commission for Data Protection agency (CNIL 911461 and 2211878) The TraumaBase meets the requirements of the national institutional review board (Comité de Protection des Personnes Paris VI, Paris, France). In accordance with French legislation on research involving human subjects, this retrospective study did not require approval by an ethics committee or an Institutional Review Board. It should be noted that, in accordance with current French legislation, retrospective studies using information recorded in patients’ medical records as part of daily care practice, by medical and nursing staff caring for the patient, do not require written informed consent. Patients’ medical records of the Reims university hospital are authorized by the French data protection authority (CNIL Declaration number: 2049775 v 0). Patients are kindly informed of this practice through the welcome booklet systematically given to them and by the internal display at the hospital. If the patient wishes, he or she has the right to object to this nominative collection and can request anonymization in the patient record information system. In accordance with French legislation, each patient received information about this retrospective study on existing data, including details on the type of data collected and the purpose of the study. After receiving this information, patients were free to refuse to participate if they wished. In the absence of explicit refusal, patients were considered to have consented, as were deceased subjects who had not objected to the use of their data during their lifetime. We confirm that the computerized data were protected and stored in accordance with French legislation and European Data Protection Rules. The data were anonymized before extraction and statistical processing, in accordance with good practices in epidemiological studies. The Reims University Hospital has committed to complying with the MR004 type reference methodology, defined by the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL MR004 conformity number: 2206749 v 0). Each data processing operation is declared to the Reims University Hospital’s data protection officer, for declaration of the specific research into the University Hospital’s activity register.