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Authors
Almukhlifi, Yasir
Alharbi, Abdullah
Alghamdi, Lara
Mahfouz, Monia Bin
Khan, Lama
Goniewicz, Krzysztof
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 30 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Ref. No. SP23J/136/08). Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Prior to participation, all respondents were provided with an information sheet outlining the study objectives, procedures, and confidentiality measures. Informed consent was obtained electronically, and completion of the IRB-approved questionnaire was considered as provision of consent in accordance with the approved protocol. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without any consequences. All data were securely stored on password-protected devices accessible only to the research team, and confidentiality was strictly maintained.
